21-Sep-2020 | Market Research Store
HIV/AIDS is deadly disease that has been daunting the people across the globe since a decade now. This mysterious disease has no complete cure till date and instead the worsening of one’s health can only be slowed down. The study to outsmart the disease is being investigated for quite some time. Recently, developed anti-retroviral therapy is found to help people live normally with the help of a few medications. If the people undergoing the treatment are to ever stop the viral attack relapses at a higher level such is the case. The basic reason behind such a situation is the ability of HIV to hide in the human genome and remain dormant till its time of emergence. Thus, the researchers plan on eliminating the latent virus before it attacks the body cells and this is known as shock and kill.
Researchers are thus on a hunt to find a weapon to target the Nef protein present in HIV so as to kill it. The overriding of this proteins functioning lets immune cells know the cell is infected and needs to be eliminated. Additionally, the infected cells tend to disable the MHC-I protein to proliferate. At the same time, the search for a FDA-approved drug/molecule that can override Nef, reinstate the functioning of MHC-I, and direct the host’s own immune system, especially cytotoxic T lymphocytes, to identify the HIV-infected cells and kill them.
Till date no Nef inhibitors have been found. The synthetic molecules are generally small and are often ineffective against large protein surface. Thus, after the screening of thousands of molecules, the researchers found a class of antibiotic molecules called pleicomacrolides to inhibit Nef. These antibiotics generally are used to shut down the lysosome and are hence considered to be risky and toxic. In-depth study has helped researchers find a pleicomacrolide called concanamycin A to inhibit Nef without causing any toxicity to the cells. More research is required to optimize this compound as a drug for treatment.
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